Lesotho

Lesotho decriminalized same-sex conduct in 2012. Under the Marriage Act No. 10 of 1974, marriage is only permitted for different-sex couples. Legal protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity are limited, though an important step forward was taken with the adoption of the Labour Act of 2024, which explicitly prohibits discrimination in matters of labor and employment on the grounds of gender, sexual orientation, and “any other ground which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation.” LGBTIQ individuals in Lesotho continue to face discrimination and bias at various points in the justice system, ranging from their contact with the police to their experiences in the courts.

Basotho LGBTIQ communities hosted the country’s first Pride march in 2013, which organizers and participants have consistently hailed as a success. In 2012, Lesotho decriminalized male same-sex sexual activity, a change that has enabled greater visibility of queer communities and their engagement in HIV-related advocacy and services. HIV programs and researchers note the need for HIV services and community-led initiatives targeting trans people and men who have sex with men, in order to address high levels of stigma and vulnerability. Lesotho is among the countries most severely affected by HIV globally, with one of the world’s highest adult prevalence rates.

Organizations in the country can legally register even when they clearly identify themselves as working with LGBTIQ populations. As of early 2026, transgender advocates have made significant strides with legislators and other government officials, among whom trans issues have become more accepted, with the view to instituting legal gender recognition in the short to medium term.