Kosovo

Kosovo remains traditional and conservative, ranking 113 out of 175 on the Global Acceptance Index. However, it is also one of only 10 countries in the world banning discrimination based on sexual orientation in its Constitution (Article 24). In 2015, Kosovo’s anti-discrimination law was replaced by the new law on Protection from Discrimination, which prohibits discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. The Ombudsman of Kosovo is charged with the implementation of this law. It is required to collect, receive, and investigate complaints of discrimination based on protected grounds, including sexual orientation and gender identity. Kosovo does not have any legal protections based on sex characteristics.    Kosovo’s Constitution defines marriage in a gender-neutral way, but family law defines marriage as two persons of different sexes. Accordingly, Kosovo does not recognize same-sex marriages. In 2024, Kosovo’s Prime Minister announced that his government was planning to legalize same-sex marriage. However, as of mid-2025, the Parliament had not approved the sections of the proposed civil code that would recognize civil unions between partners of the same sex.   Legally changing gender markers is possible, but surgery is required. Gender-affirming care is legal but restricted for minors.   LGBTIQ organizations and activists have been attacked, and LGBTIQ events have been disrupted. Acts of hate are criminalized under the 2019 Criminal Code, and individuals have been criminally prosecuted for obstructing Pride events and assaulting LGBTIQ people.

*Outright research indicates that the bodily autonomy of intersex people is not respected and protected in this country.