Cyprus

Cyprus has progressed significantly in protecting the rights of LGBTIQ people in the last decade. Today, same-sex couples are legally recognized through civil unions, although the Greek Orthodox Church in Cyprus opposes same-sex marriage and the granting of other rights to LGBTIQ people. In 2014, the area of northern Cyprus under the effective control of the Turkish military, considered by the UN to be part of the Republic of Cyprus, was the last European area to decriminalize same-sex relations.

Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation is banned, but other forms of discrimination against LGBTIQ people are not prohibited. In 2015, Cyprus criminalized incitement to violence or hatred on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. This was strengthened in 2017 when the criminal code was updated to provide aggravated penalties when a crime is committed based on the victim’s sexual orientation and gender identity. In 2023, Cyprus also prohibited conversion practices. However, the law relies entirely on criminal sanctions and does not address root causes. In October 2024, the Cyprus Council of Ministers approved the creation of a National LGBTI Strategy to combat discrimination, ensure equality and safety, and build an inclusive society for LGBTI people. Its National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security (2021-2025) also affirms nondiscrimination based on gender and sexual orientation. 

Several civil society organizations are working to end violence and discrimination against LGBTIQ people in Cyprus. In 2014, Cyprus held its first Pride event, which has since been an annual celebration. While much legal progress and societal acceptance have been achieved, there remain instances of anti-LGBTIQ acts. For example, in the run-up to Pride 2025, a 17-year-old suffered broken bones in a homophobic attack.